How to Zip and Unzip Files on Windows (and Password-Protect Them)
ZIP files bundle many files into one compressed package. They're perfect for emailing several documents, uploading assignments or saving space. Windows can create and open ZIP files without any extra software.
Create a ZIP file
- Select the files or folders in File Explorer (hold Ctrl to select several).
- Right-click → Compress to → ZIP file (on Windows 10: Send to → Compressed (zipped) folder).
- Type a name for the ZIP and press Enter.
Extract (unzip) files
- Right-click the ZIP file → Extract All.
- Choose where to save the files and click Extract.
You can double-click a ZIP to look inside, but always extract before editing files, otherwise changes may not save.
RAR, 7z and other formats
Recent Windows 11 versions can open RAR, 7z and TAR files directly. On older versions, install the free, open-source 7-Zip from its official website.
Password-protect a ZIP
Windows' built-in ZIP tool can't add passwords. With 7-Zip:
- Right-click files → 7-Zip → Add to archive.
- Choose ZIP or 7z format.
- Enter a password under Encryption and choose AES-256.
Send the password separately, such as by phone or a different app, not in the same email.
How much space does zipping save?
| File type | Typical saving |
|---|---|
| Text, Word, Excel | High |
| Low to medium | |
| JPG photos, MP4 videos | Very little (already compressed) |
To shrink photos, see our guide on reducing image file size.
Safety tip
ZIP files from unknown emails are a common way to spread malware. Don't open ZIPs you weren't expecting, and scan them first. Learn more in our phishing guide.
Fixing ZIP errors
"The compressed (zipped) folder is invalid"
The download may be incomplete or damaged. Download the file again, preferably on a stable connection. If it still fails, try opening it with 7-Zip, which can often extract partially damaged archives.
"Path too long" errors
ZIP files with deeply nested folders can exceed Windows' path limits when extracted to a folder that is already deep. Extract to a short location like C:\Temp instead.
Files blocked after download
Files from the internet may be marked as blocked. Right-click the ZIP → Properties → tick Unblock if you trust the source, then extract.
Password-protected ZIP won't open
Windows' built-in tool may not support AES-encrypted archives. Use 7-Zip and enter the password.
Smart ways to use ZIP files
- Submitting assignments: put all files in one folder, name it clearly (for example
AliKhan-Assignment3), zip it and upload once. - Emailing many photos: zip them so they arrive together, but remember photos don't shrink much; resize them first if needed.
- Archiving old projects: zip finished project folders to keep them tidy in one file.
- Splitting large files: 7-Zip can split an archive into parts for uploads with size limits.
Sharing large files
If the ZIP is still too big, upload it to cloud storage and share a link. See our comparison of cloud storage services.
Frequently asked questions
Why is my ZIP file too large to email?
Most email services limit attachments to about 20–25 MB. Upload large files to Google Drive or OneDrive and share a link instead.
Can I zip files on my phone?
Yes. Google's Files app on Android and the Files app on iPhone can create and extract ZIP files.
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